To critique a research article from a professional journal Essay

To critique a research article from a professional journal - Essay Example is historical, perhaps in memory of the role of hygiene in preventing the spread of infectious diseases based on the experiences of Snow and Chadwick in 19th century London (Course Notes). The second may well be described as a curious interest on a topic so basic but commonly neglected – even in a country like Switzerland that is known for being fastidious about cleanliness – as to be ironic. These made the article an entertaining and educational read and increased the author’s appreciation of evidence-based practice, or EBP, in the medical field. As defined by Sackett, et al. (1996), EBP is â€Å"the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.† When medical practitioners and health care professionals learn to combine in a balanced way what they learn from clinical experience and research findings, they are able to improve the knowledge of their profession so as to practice it in the best way possible for their patient’s benefit. Learning to critique a research paper is an important part of this process of improvement because it trains the practitioner to discern which of the prodigious amounts of information or evidence are useful and, at the same time, helpful for the patient. We first look at the question, the answer to which is the rationale for the research study. We then proceed to critique the different parts of the paper and end with a set of recommendations. Most social research begins with a general problem that needs to be narrowed down to a specific research question that can be addressed in a single study. Any reader of a paper that clearly attempts to answer the basic question: â€Å"why do physicians fail to practice good hand hygiene? (Pittet et al. 2004, 2)† will initially register a degree of shock and ask, â€Å"What? Doctors do not wash their hands?† The article’s background reveals that a specific problem was identified – less than half of the

Litterature 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Litterature 2 - Essay Example This story is very engaging due to the fact that Baden does not only show actions; he inserts necessary inner thoughts of the narrator into the story line. Life and death are two central in the story as they are applied to the appropriate context. The plot is designed in a way to make the appearance of death unexpected. The closeness to death makes the feeling of suspense very intense. Defeated expectancy effect which creates the culmination renders the feeling of horror and despair. The story has a complex narrator. Obviously, it is told as a memory of the grown up narrator about his years in military. Differences between memories and present day comments can be identified by the use of tense. Recollections are written in the past tense while comments are inserted in the present tense. For instance, one can see this difference in the lines â€Å"At the time I was often preoccupied with my physical appearance† and â€Å"Until today I wonder just how during this time of fighting they had the time to greet me with smiles that I’ll never forget† (Baden). They correspond to different layers of time mixed in the story. The essay is told from the perspective of young and inexperienced soldier who takes the same position as the reader in the story. Limited narrative perspective intensifies feelings it evokes. Moreover, it helps to identify with the narrator in the story and participate in it for the reader. Increased attention to the green socks which attracted the attention of the narrator makes this effect even more dramatic. People do not talk about the dead in this way. The focus on this little detail shows makes all readers feel confidents that the soldiers are alive. Moreover, the socks are perceived as rather annoying objects because they are too bright for the gloomy and dark environment. The descriptions of the setting are very masculine. They are minimalistic in details and very laconic in verbal representation if

Social Networking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social Networking - Research Paper Example There is a long list of things one can delve on social networking sites; for example, keeping in touch with family and friends, being "nosey", expressing personal opinions and views, meeting people with similar interests, and also for specific and distinct reasons like documenting trips, availing of opportunities to date, and sharing photographs, music, video clips, and other endeavors. In this regard, the essay aims to find out everything there is to know about social networking and the ethical issues that relate to it. The discourse would initially trace its origin, define social networking, identify the pros and cons of being involved in these sites, and determine the ethical issues pervading social networking sites (SNSs). Finally, policy recommendation pertinent to major ethical principles seen to be applicable in social networking sites would be proffered. Social Networking: Ethical Issues Reviewed Contemporary generation has joined the bandwagon of active participants in socia l networking sites (SNSs) that one wonders if all users really know its origin and the intricate details that envelope its existence. For sure, today’s social network patronizers could not even imagine a world without SNSs. Just like any organizational structure, SNSs are bound by ethical standards and codes of moral conduct and discipline that participants are expected to adhere to and that SNSs themselves, are obliged to comply. The current research aims to find out everything there is to know about social networking and the ethical issues that relate to it. The discourse would initially trace its origin, define social networking, identify the pros and cons of being involved in these sites, and determine the ethical issues pervading social networking sites (SNSs). Finally, policy recommendation pertinent to major ethical principles seen to be applicable in social networking sites would be proffered. Historical Background In a study conducted by Boyd and Ellison (2007), the origin of SNS, first recognizable, was traced in 1997, through the efforts and creative design of SixDegrees.com. As averred, â€Å"SixDegrees.com allowed users to create profiles, list their Friends and, beginning in 1998, surf the Friends lists† (Boyd & Ellison, 2007, par. 15). On the other hand, Davies (2010) presented an even earlier discovery of SNSs historical beginnings with a social media site reported to be created by Randy Conrad, Classmates.com, where the website’s aim was to help â€Å"helps members find, connect and keep in touch with friends and acquaintances from school life. Classmates has more than 40 million active members in the US and Canada. In early 2008, Nielson Online ranked Classmates as number 3 in unique monthly visitors among social networking sites† (Davies, 2011, par. 2). The figure below illustrates historical date lines of major SNSs as presented by Boyd and Ellison (2007, par. 19): Source: Boyd and Ellison (2007) After 2006, Davi es’ timeline indicate that the newest addition to the SNSs was Google.com/buzz, which as reportedly designed â€Å"to integrate the googles web-based program, G-mail. Shared links and messages show up in the user’s inbox. Buzz focuses on  integrating  photos, videos and links as part of the â€Å"conversations† aspects of G-mail like conversation threading† (Davies, 2011, par. 10). Definitions of SNSs Boyd and Ellison (2007) defined SNSs as â€Å"web-based services that allow individuals to (1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others

Advantages of Database Management Systems over Traditional File Proces Essay

Advantages of Database Management Systems over Traditional File Processing Systems - Essay Example The file-based system also faces problems of security & integrity. The concept of database and the Database Management System (DMS) was introduced in order to overcome the limitations of the file-based approach. A database is a collection of interrelated data. The primary aim of the database is to provide a way to store and retrieve database information in a fast and efficient manner. (Seltzer, 2008) 5) Improved security: A database provides security to users in the form of username and passwords. Additional levels of security are also possible. It can identify the user type and accordingly provide them permission for retrieval, insertion, updating and deletion of data. (Jain, 2005) 6) Enforcement of standards: The integration of the database sets in place the standards for data formats, naming conventions, documentation standards, update procedures and access rules. Same standards for the data make it easier to access it & save a lot of time. 12) In a file-based system, each user defines his own constraints and sets his own rules for defining the data. Whereas in a database approach, a single repository of data is created which is accessed by multiple users. A database not only contains data but also contains the description of a database structure. This is also called ‘metadata’ ( data about data ). (Hoffer, 2007) 2) Higher impact of a failure as compared to a File-based System: The database approach increases the vulnerability of the system due to the centralization. As all users and applications rely on the database availability, the failure of any component can bring operations to a halt and affect the services to the customer seriously. (Thomas M. Connolly, 2004)  Ã‚  

The Outside of the Solar System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Outside of the Solar System - Essay Example M91 has long been considered as a â€Å"missing† object and astronomers and historians hypothesized that it might be the NGC 4571, a passing comet, or a duplicate observation of M58. It was William C. Williams, an amateur astronomer from Texas, who found out that NGC 4548 fit Messier’s description and position for M91 and should be applied for M88 and not for M58 (French, 57).  In addition, galaxies such as NGC 4516, IC 3476, and NGC 4571, were also described in the article. NGC 4516 is a little galaxy which is located 8’ north of an imaginary line connecting M88 and M91. It has a very small glow elongated north-south and a small core with a distinct nucleus at the center of a shallow S curve. IC 3476 is an intriguing galaxy that rests 4.4†² east of the northern star, displays a lumpy brightness distribution and peculiar shape, and a relatively large, blotchy, bright area wide end. It surprised astronomers with a super nova in 1970 and has been assigned a morphological type of IB(s)m (French, 58). Lastly, NGC 4571 is a SA(r)c-type galaxy which rests on 28†² southeast of M91 and appears roundish with a small brighter core. All of these galaxies rests on the core of the Virgo cluster and are some of the reasons why heavens are sparkling with amazements.  The article summarized above relates to the Astronomy Course Content in terms of studying how far the stars or galaxies are, description of stellar nurseries, and exploring other galaxies aside from the Milky Way. One would have noticed that distances were stated in the article.

Kant’s view of freedom Essay Example for Free

Kant’s view of freedom Essay According to The Philosophers lighthouse, Immanuel Kant challenges the idea of freedom generally, saying that it cannot be proven that freedom is inherent in human nature. According to him freedom is a basic concept that must be presupposed for a being to be thought of as rational. He also says that there is a close knit relationship between our thinking on freedom and morality, he says that freedom is present because we have placed upon ourselves moral laws and are confident in their compliance, and that moral laws are present because we have placed upon ourselves the privilege of free will. Therefore, one exists precisely because of the other.   Kant also questions the extent of individual freedom in the presence of a superior power. He was alluding to the argument that complete freedom is to be found within the mental faculty, as one cannot be stopped from thinking within his mind. However Kant challenges this perceived ability of man think for himself, questioning how much and how well man would think, without communicating their thoughts with others. Am much as one might hold an opinion about something, the state might restrict him from expressing this opinion which will negate the purpose of having the opinion in the first place. Therefore as one might argue that their freedom to think cannot be curtailed by a superior power, Kant draws to attention the possibility of the power restricting the individual’s freedom to communicate, which he portrays as having central influence on their thinking. (Cline, 2006) Kant seems to stress here that complete autonomy or freedom is to an extent unattainable, as the one form of personal will that is clearly out of reach of which ever power there might be, freedom of thought, is still under the influence of the same state, albeit indirectly, and concludes with the remark, Freedom is, therefore, only an idea of reason whose objective reality is in itself questionable.   Hegel’s view on freedom Hegel’s take on freedom is that it is the destination of historical human progression, starting with bondage and which is based on rational consciousness. It is where the individuals’ subjective desires are integrated with the desires of the state, where individual will is inferior to that of the state. Hegel demonstrated this theory of freedom by dividing history into three phases, starting with the orient phase wherein only the ruler was free and all other subjects were inferior to him. The people in this period according to him are not aware of the freedom of their spirit, and because of this ignorance, they are not free. Hegel might have been alluding to the emperors of ancient China The second stage, an example of the Greek and Roman civilizations, is where some members of the community, besides the ruler, were free. However in this phase there are certain exceptions to this freedom, citizens are free, slaves are not. The slaves understood this accepted it, as did the Romans. Thus, as in the orient phase, freedom was limited for these people not only because of not having information, but also having the wrong information. The third phase started with the early Christians, who recognized that all humans are free by virtue of being simply human, and through their evangelism spread the knowledge of this ‘freedom for all concept’. This is stage is evident today in contemporary societies, especially democracies which have fundamental freedoms within their constitutions. (Urmson and Jonathan RÃÆ' ©e, 1991) Marx’s view on freedom Marx’s thoughts are predominantly in an economic context, wherein he examines social systems that curtail or encourage personal freedoms. Marx laid out his thoughts in two scenarios.   First, he examines the capitalist society, and its effect on the freedom of the people. According to him, capitalism is a social system that involves workers who ca supply labour and capital owners who employ the workers. These capital owners, due to their economic status also influence the power structure of the state, ensuring that they get the best labour at the cheapest cost from the workers, which in turn means that the workers are completely dependent on the capital owners, as they cannot raise enough to obtain capital of their own. This position taken by Marx portrays capitalism as a social system that is counterproductive as far as propagating human freedom is concerned. He stresses that the workers cannot enjoy any freedom as long as their economic well being is not within their control. The worst evil according to Marx is the illusion that one is actually benefiting oneself when working whereas in reality he is just enriching his employer. Marx then contrasts capitalism with communism, in which the people collectively own the means of production and resources required. He pointed that in this setting one could go about work without the fear of being exploited. Communism, also overcame the problem of monotony characteristic of the capitalist system. (Hallas, 2002) Obstacles to be overcomeKant As mentioned earlier, Kant placed significant importance in the relationship between morality and freedom. Therefore to ensure freedom for all, emphasis is should be placed on the content of our moral codes, its uniformity and objectivity. This is best illustrated when the morals of one community differ significantly with that of another in which there might arise conflict when the more powerful community, either economically or otherwise tries to impose it morals on the other. This would be an infringement of the latter’s freedom. Checks also have to put on the state to guard against its involvement in the private freedoms of its citizens, as Kant acknowledged that the state is in a position of absolute power and can deny its subjects their freedoms. Hegel Hegel’s biggest obstacle to freedom as can be seen in his theory of history is information. True freedom keightwill always prove to be elusive for as long as the person concerned does not understand and appreciate his right to freedom. In most cases that individual’s freedom is being abused there is a lot of ignorance on the part of the abused. This ignorance may be voluntary or induced, is which the superior power will deliberately keep the subjects in the dark to ensure that they never harbor any thoughts of autonomy. Any effort to liberate those suffering oppression should specifically target their education on their right to freedom, as this will ensure that they have the capacity to demand for their freedom.   Marx Kamala Sarup in her article Capitalism Vs Communism: Lessons From History, expresses Marxs case as more complicated as both of his insights have negative and positive elements. On the one hand, capitalism is known to increase the entire community’s wellbeing through the incentive of competition, and one receives benefits proportional to their contribution. When one is working exclusively for one’s sake, he is bound to work harder. To remove the risk of contradiction, even when employed one still enjoys the his entire effort by himself however meager the pay may be. This is in contrast to communism, wherein the production is shared equally among all the people irrespective of their contribution to production, a situation which might lead to some people living off the effort of others. On the other hand capitalism often results in the majority of the resources being distributed amongst a few individuals, a situation that is effectively taken care of in a communist arrangement. The best policy is therefore a mixed society, where all or most of the advantages of both systems can be inculcated.   Ã‚  Conclusion The best strategy according to me appears to be Hegel’s approach. This is because Kant’s method appears to be too vague and technical for common people to grasp whereas Marx’s is filled with contradictions that could potentially complicate efforts to establish freedom for all. In addition, Hegel’s solution seems to answer the questions raised about by the other two theorists or example, informed communities are better placed to evaluate reform and formulate their moral codes, which according to Kant are interdependent with freedom. Informed people can also identify instances when the state infringes in their right to freedom and take the necessary steps to rectify the situation. An informed society will also be able to decide on relative benefits and costs of each of the systems discussed by Marx to come up with one that is comprehensive and takes into consideration the needs of all parties concerned. References Cline, Austin. Your Guide to Agnosticism/Atheism.  Ã‚   http://atheism.about.com/od/weeklyquotes/a/kant01.htm Hallas, Duncan. The legacy of Karl Marx Viewed on 15th March, 2008 http://www.socialistworker.org/2002-2/423/423_08_HallasOnMarx.shtm The philosophers’ lighthouse. Hegel’s thoughts on freedom. Viewed on 15th March, 2008 : http://library.thinkquest.org/18775/hegel/freeh.htm The philosophers’ lighthouse. Kant’s thoughts on freedom. Viewed on 15th March, 2008 : http://library.thinkquest.org/18775/kant/freek.htm Urmson, J. O. and Jonathan RÃÆ' ©e, (1991) ed. The Concise Encyclopedia of Western Philosophy and Philosophers.   London: Unman Hyman. Capitalism Vs Communism: Lessons From History. Viewed on 15th March, 2008   http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0504/S00007.htm

Does Rehabilitation Of Prisoners Work Criminology Essay

Does Rehabilitation Of Prisoners Work Criminology Essay Does the rehabilitations works in prisons? And what is the effect of prisoners who have treated with rehabilitation system? There is no one has not done mistake in his life. Some of these mistakes are deserve the person to be arrested, whereas some of them are not. In addition, the prisoners are already paying from their fault by being in the prison. So, why do not we prepare and rehabilitate them to start better and new life when they finish their period of prison. Moreover, every country has its own rehabilitation system. In this project I will outline the rehabilitation system and what extend does the rehabilitation system help with reintegration of prisoners in to society. (Chris Sherwood , 2010) According to Princeton Universitys WordNet, rehabilitation is restoring someone to a useful place in society. As such, a rehabilitation centre is a location in which rehabilitation can occur. People get displaced from society for a variety of reasons. Some may experience an accident or i llness that temporarily makes them unable to function the way they used to. Others may have an addiction that handicaps them. A rehabilitation centre provides a support system to help restore people to their place in society. Nowadays, the prison is relatively social experiment which started in 200 years ago. Before that time it was not sentence of imprisonment. The prison is the place to hold the people who had been convicted. (DAVIES, 2010) basically, every country has their own treatment of there prisoners some of them treating aggressively whereas, some of them treating nicely which is followed by prisoners rights. In this essay I will investigate the prisoners in Egypt and Jordan and I will compare them with prisoners of United Kingdom. Nowadays, many countries are not follow the prisoners right in their prisons. The prisoners always treating violently and one of these countries that I have discovered is EGYPT. In 2008 more than twenty prisoners has died in town in Egypt called Assuit and mostly inmate have injured during unrest at a jail. Moreover, the violence continued more than three hours then the police used tear gas to get the control back of the jail. Nevertheless, the police punished all the prisoners and they decided to put him a lone in the prison. During the solitary the prisoner had died. (UNKNOWN,2008) in additions, the Amnesty international has received consistent report that these jails lack adequate medical care and the prisoners are held in cramped conditional and unsanitary and the food is absolutely horrible and its not sufficient for all the prisoners. Moreover, the police are treating them in violent way. Consequently, these poor conditional have led many detainees died and the diseases spread rapidly throughout prisons. Many illnesses were spread in the prisons. For instance, asthma, pulmonary pneumonia and skin diseases. (UNKNOWN, 1997) the principle reason is that they do not follow the prisoners rights. Furthermore, the prisoner became much more aggressive when he finishes his period. The prisoners right says convicted prisoners should have many things. For instance, visits, letters, newspapers and books, medical treatment (etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.). (Prisoners Rights). The second country in the Middle East which is treating their prisoners in violence way is Jordan. In fact, in 2006 the human right in Jordan said we should stop what is happening in the prisons. The torture of prisoners is a routine phenomenon in these days. It was flagrant violation of human rights in Jordan prisons. In addition, the complains of torture and abuse increasing rabidly last few years and the most people who treating badly than other is MUSLIM people ((IRIN) Human Rights 2010).However, the go vernment of Jordan were looking to solve the entire problem regarding prisons so, beginning in April 2006 Management of Jordanian prisons undertook a plan to reform all the prisons in Jordan because of the what is happening in the prisons. Public security department haired firm from the United Stats TO help them to keep the control in the prisons and to training people who working in the prison. In addition, these reform efforts have received huge support from the citizens. King Abdullah called on the government to present a reform plan. In 2007 General Mazem AL Gadi was focusing in maintain to improve the process of the people who are working in prisons and in the centres of rehabilitation system. As a result, the improvement was clear. They opened new prisons. There is prison in Jordan which is has very bad reputation in terms of torture. Moreover, this prison became one of the best prisons in Jordan. Because they stop using torture in treatment. and the government started to sepa rating the detainees between convicted prisoners and the prisoners who might be innocent. The prisoners behaviour changed after using a new system which rehabilitate them and respect them and helping them to start a new successful life (Human Rights watch 2008). We can infer that the rehabilitation system works in prisons and it making a huge improvement in society because the number of prisoners in the world is so high so, if we treat them nicely we can make a huge improvement in our community. on the other hand, the prisons in Britain are much better than Egypt and Jordan. The prison service in Britain has the responsibility of working the prison system and the prisons worked by private companies (CRIMINAL JUSTICE). The purpose of the rehabilitations system is making prisoners better and gets them ready to start a new successful life. In addition, in 1964 the view of prison rules discovered that the purpose of treating and treatment of convicted prisoners is to encourage and assist the detainees to lead a good and successful life. In 1969 the people in prisons saw that the prisons as being hold people were acceptable to society as it is absolutely possible to encourage the prisoners to rehabilitate them to start a good and better new life. After a few years, the document was looking for dignity and respect for the detainees and they were still searching of hope regarding the idea of rehabilitations of prisoners. Moreover, the view had changed in 1977 it was started to give a small support for the view of imprisonment and how can we change prisoners behaviour. After two years more, the review of United Kingdom prison services we think that the rhetoric of treatment and training has had its day and should be replaced. In addition, it was suggested that the prisons should be involve positive custody and that the prisons should be helpful and purposive communities (home office in 1979) (CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND PENOLOGY 2004).One of the significant factors that to distinguish the situation in the UK is that intensity of media which is inform the citizens regarding what is happening in the UK prisons to get the feedback to improve any things that it should does. However, there is a disadvantage from the media from some countries because they often claimed that the UK send more of its population to prison that the other European countries. This propaganda leads some people to believe that the UK send more of criminal to prisons than other European countries. T hese country which claim that are not comparing the countrys prison population with its crime rate. In addition, the recent comparative data indicates that prison in the UK is underused. But we can see from the figure these comparisons show that the government of UK sends fewer of its offenders to prisons than the other countries(FRASER 2006). On the other side, UK has the highest prisoner in jail compared with the whole population, which is reflect its high crime rate. On the other hand, The family connection is absolutely one of the main factors to help prisoners to return in to society. For example, conjugal visits which are showed greater success in reintegrating prisoners back into their communities. (INSIDE TIME NEWS 20010) One of real example is English prisoner tells his story with the rehabilitation system. His name is Bob Turney and he grown up with his brother and his brother was criminal. So, when he reaches 18 he became professional at crime. One day when he was drunk s teal bank then the police arrested him. Moreover, he was arrested around 18 years and he attempted suicide. However, when he joined to the rehabilitation system everything was changed When he started to improve. There were many things in his life that the rehabilitation system supports him to address. Then he was placed in some hostel, and afterwards he return to his own place. He was absolutely exhausted on his past life that he had leading and he started looking for job on building sites to pay the rent. After that he attended a lot of self-help groups and got support with his drinking and drugging. Now when he put his head on the pillow at night he feels comfortable in his own skin. However he feel regret about crimes. The last one was 30 years ago and Ive spent the last 30 years trying to put things right. Rehabilitation is possible for anyone if they want to change (The in depended News 2007). From the statistic of crime it can be seen the percentage of prisoners who become change their life is increasing for the last few years (NATIONAL STATISTIC). However, there is overcrowding the prisons in England and Wales. Also, the case is clearly complex. However, the factors of overcrowding in prisons it can be investigated as firstly, the number of convicted who commit the number of imprisonment offences. Secondly, how long does the sentence take? In other word, the length of the sentence. Finally, the impact of early release system.(Michael Doherty 2004).In some prisons the Detainees are holding in place does not fit all of them. Moreover, the director of Juliet Lyon which is one of the biggest prisons in England and Wales said more prisons will generate high cost. So, the only way to keep for serious and violent offenders is to cut out everything that is not necessary use of violent of custody and the sentence dealing with inflation and the growth of unspecified penalties. Nev ertheless, England is one of the countries that have a bigger number of offenders compared with Europe countries. (Article history guardian 2009). As its written in population of prisons in custody in 2002 is increase five percent from the previous yeas. In this case the rehabilitation system is absolutely helpful to have a better community because this system will control a big proportion of people because from the statistic in 2008 there are 82319 in total. ( David Barrett 2008) The concept which is associated to rehabilitation is treating the offender and reintegration him into society. In 1970s the concept of rehabilitation has been opposed and designated to be failure. Martinson reports, analysed that 231 programs that involved evaluation of treatment methods that used a control group and that employed an independent measure of the improvement secured by the treatment method (Alexander B. Smith and Louis Berlin 1988). Moreover, the conclusion of his report is that there is no noticed effect in the program. However, from palmer evaluation of Martins report by saying Martins ignored the positive trend because he was searching for an across the board or rehabilitation for the offenders around the world. Palmer suggested that Rather than ask what works for offenders as a whole we must increasingly ask which method work best for which type of offenders, and under what conditions or in what types of setting? (Alexander B. Smith and Louis Berlin 1988) From the previous argument, we can reasoned that the rehabilitations and treatment as correctional goal to work and protect the offenders. In short, the rehabilitation system does works in prisons. As we can see from the evidence from people who was in prison and how can the rehabilitation system could change the prisoner completely in terms of behaviour and the way of thinking. So, in my opinion this system supposed to apply everywhere because its absolutely useful for the community, on the other hand, the people who think that is not working and we have to punish him as long as they are in the prisons, I can respond to them is that they are already buying from their mistake by being in the prison. In addition, the rehabilitation system is applied on the basis of rules and laws set by the government its not as arbitrary or randomly.